Multiple Sclerosis Essay examples - 1988 Words

Most illnesses are unexpected and can lead to life changes. A chronic illness can lead to a life altering illness. While some chronic illnesses can be cured in a few weeks or months many last a lifetime. Chronic illnesses typically have a significant impact on clients, like treatments, coping, and dealing with possible side effects. When the chronic illness progresses to death then the illness would be life altering. According to webmd.com Multiple Sclerosis or MS is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord resulting in loss of muscle control, vision, balance, and sensation. I chose Multiple Sclerosis because it can affect daily activities and can have a negative impact on the person’s well-being (Tamper Lindh 197-199) Learning†¦show more content†¦What causes MS is unknown; Scientists believe there are several factors that cause MS including immunologic, environmental, infectious, and genetic. MS is 2 to 3 times more common in women than men. MS is not inhe rited but genetics plays an important role in who gets the disease. While most people are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, young children and teenagers may develop this life altering illness. MS is more common in northern latitudes that are further from the equator and less common in areas closer to the equator however, known in all parts of the world. MS occurs in most ethnic groups, including African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics/Latinos, but are more common in Caucasians of the northern European ancestry (â€Å"What is Multiple Sclerosis†). According to Margret Vickers the Sociologists have been concerned about the inequality of patients that have a chronic to life altering disease especially at work. A person with a disability is categorized as being other, different, and outside the norm, faces obstacles of trying to fit in to the working environment. Furthermore, employees who don’t possess the physical, emotional or cognitive attributes that others pr esent maybe stigmatized or discredited. The workplace remains difficult for people with a life altering illness to negotiate and be secure furthermore employment has actually decreased worldwide.Show MoreRelatedMultiple Sclerosis835 Words   |  4 PagesMarkel Franklin Professor Idziak Speech 1311 March 27, 2012 Multiple Sclerosis Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about multiple sclerosis by exploring various facts of the disease including what causes it, types of the disease and how it is treated. General Purpose: To make people aware of the autoimmune disease. Introduction I. Greeting- Good afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen. It is always a pleasure to stand before such an enthusiastic crowd and to talkRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where the myelin sheath within the Central Nervous System is attacked (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2017). The myelin sheath protects the axon of the nerve cell. When the myelin sheath is intact, the axon is able to carry impulses away from the neuron’s cell body, and the message carried is clear. With Multiple Sclerosis, the myelin sheath becomes scarred, hence the word â€Å"sclerosis†, and distorts the nerve impulses traveling over the CNS (NationalRead MoreThe Mechanics Of Multiple Sclerosis Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesthe real expressions of Multiple Sclerosis. These neurological symptoms were first identified in the early 14th and 15th centuries. The immune system attacks the myelin of the brain spinal cord causing a cessation or misinterpretation of communication with the rest of the body. Due to this destruction or damage to the myelin, scar tissue forms and there central nervous system cannot communicate with the body effectively. This is the mechanics of Multiple Sclerosis, a disease that affectsRead MoreEssay Multiple Sclerosis583 Words   |  3 PagesMultiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune disease caused by damage of the fatty myelin sheaths around axons of the brain and spinal cord which leads to demyelination, lesions (scaring) and inflammation1, 2, 3. This damage leads to disruption of nerve impulse along axons resulting in the many symptoms seen in multiple sclerosis patients. Although its exact etiology is unknown, current research indicates that multiple sclerosis is a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. It hasRead MoreWhat Is Multiple Sclerosis?1341 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Jessica Zelenak American Military Public University Abstract Multiple Sclerosis affects 2.3 million people worldwide. Multiple Sclerosis patients diagnosed are in the age range of twenty to fifty. Multiple Sclerosis effects the myelin in the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information that is sent to the brain. This disruption effects your vision, mobility and bodily functions. Multiple Sclerosis has a wide variety of people it canRead More Multiple Sclerosis Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesMultiple sclerosis, also known as MS, is one of humankind’s most mysterious diseases. No one knows the exact cause and there is no exact treatment. Still multiple sclerosis has the ability to affect nearly 3 million people worldwide and at least 500,000 people in the United States (Boroch). This disease tends to be more common in individuals of northern European descent and women are more than twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis as men. Of those 3 million people, most of them are betweenRead MoreAn Overview Of Multiple Scle rosis2234 Words   |  9 PagesAN OVERVIEW OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1 An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis: the Disease, the Challenges, the Symptoms, and the Treatments Meiying Li AN OVERVIEW OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 2 Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The characteristics of MS are demyelination and axonal loss. The etiologyRead MoreEssay Multiple Sclerosis1206 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Sclerosis The primary objective of this paper is to raise fundamental questions in regards to multiple sclerosis, and to explore possibilities that attempt to answer these inquiries. Second, the prospective outcome is to provide a solid knowledge base for which my peers may begin to understand the relationship between multiple sclerosis and neurobiology and behavior. The first question to address in the general schema of this essay is: What is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple SclerosisRead MoreMultiple Sclerosis Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pages Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that can impact many different parts of the body. It starts out by the immune system attacking the myelin that surrounds the nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System. Once the myelin tissue is damaged, it forms a type of scar tissue that essentially causes the sclerosis. It then sends nerve impulses back and forth between the brain and spinal cord that can cause many different ranges of symptoms. Scientists are still researching the cause for this disease; howeverRead More Multiple Sclerosis Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesMultiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system. It most commonly occurs in individuals between the ages of twenty and forty (1) and in higher numbers of women than men (2). In Multiple Sclerosis (or MS) a loss of the nerves axon coating myelin prohibits the nerve axons from efficiently conducting action and synaptic potentials. Scar tissue (called plaques or lesions) forms at the points where demyelination occurs in the brain and spinal cord, hence the name

Poverty And Poor People And The Rich - 1364 Words

The crevice between poor people and the rich has extended to its vastest levels since time remembrance. Financial imbalance likewise alluded to as the hole between poor people and the rich, riches uniqueness or wage disparity comprises of the distinctions in the pay and riches appropriation. Ordinarily, the term the hole between poor people and the rich alludes to disparity among gatherings and people in the general public, however can too allude to imbalance among nations. The crevice between poor people and the rich is identified with the idea of value: opportunity equity and result fairness. This paper investigates diverse angles identified with the developing hole between poor people and the rich. There are a few reasons why there is†¦show more content†¦Nor in savage life is there anything like the destitution that putrefies in our progress (Henry George). Celebrated American political financial expert Henry George is the writer of blockbuster Progress and Poverty (1879), a book about monetary imbalance; According to his perceptions, people are the main species to have a wide monetary hole between people. In today s general public, the uniqueness of riches and wage among the well off and poor people is available as well as expanding at a quick rate. Annie Lowrey, a financial writer for the New York Times, states, the main 10 percent of workers took the greater part of the nation s general pay in 2012, the most astounding extent recorded in a century. Due to this imbalance, the main 10% of the U.S. populace has acquired half of the nation s salary, bringing about a vast monetary crevice between the rich and poor people. This broadening monetary hole amongst well off a nd poor people is brought about basically through an instruction framework that supports the affluent, expanded accessibility of occupations for rich individuals through social associations, and an economy that is one-sided toward the rich. A noteworthy reason for monetary imbalance in the United States is the instruction framework Wealthy understudies can improve in school than their less well-off partners using coaches and extracurricular advancement exercises. This as a generally speaking, givesShow MoreRelatedThe Cause And Causes Of Poverty1325 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of poverty. According to the Business dictionary, poverty is a â€Å"Condition where people s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met†. Due to the serious effects and causes of poverty, it has always been an important issue throughout the world. Causes of poverty vary from country to country but the biggest and most common causes are things such as national debt., disabilities, health issues, war, social inequality, lack of education, and natural resources. Poverty comes withRead MoreTrying to Erradicate Poverty and Extreme Poverty1351 Words   |  5 PagesThe very poor suffer from lack of access to safe food and water , basic education, and medicine. For many of the world’s countries, poverty is prevalent. While almost half of the world lives in poverty, the rich continue to get richer. In 2005, the poorer 10% only accounted for 0.5% of the world’s share of private consumption, while the richest 10% accounted for 59% of consumption (Shah 1-4). There is an increasing inequality gap. The world has enough resources to feed and shelter the poor but peopleRead MorePoverty : A Economic Disparity Between The Rich And Poor1361 Words   |  6 Pagesdisparity between the rich and the poor. Adam Smith reflects on the income gap in his quote: â€Å"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable.† Due to Saudi Arabia’s vast oil wealth, there is a large amount of the population who live well and fruitful, but more than 20 percent of the population lives in crippling poverty (Baker, 2013). Poverty is usually define d in either absolute or relative terms. Absolute poverty refers to the standardRead MoreThe Need to Address Poverty in Canada990 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is a serious issue in Canada needs to be addressed promptly. Poverty is not simply about the lack of money an individual has; it is much more than that. The World Bank Organization defines poverty by stating that, â€Å"Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time†. In Canada, 14.9 percentRead MoreRich And Poor Countries : The Economic Conditions Of The World1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe industrial revolution and technological advances, while other countries stagnated in poverty. These actions defined the current socio-economic conditions of the world. Today, there is a considerable difference between rich and po or countries. That is, developed countries do a very good job in providing the basic necessities for their populations such as food, education, healthcare and more. Meanwhile poor countries lack of these resources and they do not even have the technical system toRead MorePoverty Is A Grave Issue837 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is a grave issue that many people face worldwide that is caused by political and economic instability, discrimination, war, and a history of colonialism. Poverty is a social and economic problem characterized by a lack of income and therefore lack of access to adequate resources like food, housing, and services. This problem is widespread and is fatal; the malnutrition and disease that comes along with poverty kills millions of people. Especially in developing countries, diseases, such asRead MoreEssay on The Root Causes and Solutions to Poverty676 Words   |  3 PagesThe same common question comes to us all at one point,†Why are people poor?â⠂¬  Whether you are liberal, conservative, or have had previous experiences that pull us to believe more strongly in certain things, all of our ideas on poverty fall on the same path. Unfortunately, as reality points out, is that inside the walls of the White House, where it is commonly believed that actual progress is happening, ideas on poverty revolve around stock exchange, whose ideas only benefit those who get electedRead MoreHow India s Rich Poor Divide Affects It1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In my Global Perspectives Project I will be talking about how India’s rich-poor divide affects it. I chose this subject because I truly find it fascinating how India’s poverty and wealth is so fart apart. India’s population escalates from multi million airs to an unbelievable amount of people under the poverty line. I believe that this issue can be solved but over centuries. Of course this isn’t the only problem in India but I find it the most intriguing. Another reason why India isRead MoreThe Gospel Of Luke Acts963 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty and human deprivation have been recognized as the most central challenges to the development of human society ever since the dawn of history. Alongside them is the issue of wealth, and our attitude towards it. Needless to say, Jesus talks about wealth and poverty throughout the Bible, however, more specifically in the Gospels of Luke and Acts in the New Testament. The Gospel of Luke-Acts is considered as the Gosp el having an immense concern on the socio-economic background of the peopleRead MoreEconomists Estimate Wealth And Poverty1736 Words   |  7 PagesBrian Curtis English Comp 2 April 23, 2016 Wealth and Poverty Economists estimate wealth and poverty in many ways. The most three common measures are income, possessions (accumulated wealth in the form of money, securities, and real estate), and socioeconomic metrics. Actions in the last category go beyond financial data to account for health, food, infant mortality, sanitation, and other phases of human well-being. Usually, wealth and poverty measured regarding income. Information on income is readily

17 Years free essay sample

Seventeen years, two eyes, one heart, one brain. A kaleidoscopic of cars whizzes by me as I waltz from my bus stop in downtown Los Angeles to my home, a government-funded apartment complex. Seventeen years, two eyes, one heart, one brain. Seventeen years to slay apathy, stockpile verbal ammunition, doubt the status quo, and delay death through learning and living. Seventeen years, and all it takes is just one traitorous second for everything to disappear. As I linger on the curb, shifting my weight while balancing my AP textbooks, I worry about how easy it would be to enter â€Å"the undiscovered country† where â€Å"no traveler returns.† I worry about the insights I’ll never pocket, the pains I’ll never retain. Two eyes, one heart, one brain. Two eyes to judge. A black Honda swerves harshly, hissing at my mortality as it rounds the corner and barely misses my defenseless flesh. We will write a custom essay sample on 17 Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Startled, I stumble. Miscalculating my threshold for shock, I fall to the ground. My textbooks tango in descent as my backpack bemoans momentum’s pull. Impassive, the light changes. I pluck my books from the ground and cradle them in my arms before darting across the street. A homeless person who has witnessed my misfortune smiles and I smile back. Head held high and shoulders back, I hope my confident saunter is not nearly as comedic as I sense it is. One heart to feel. Paranoia pricks my skin darkened with years of outdoor basketball practice and running jaunts as I reflect on how young, female and distinctively pedestrian I am. Only dejected homeless people and doleful carless souls negotiate these paths, where one would be hard-pressed to find even the bravest of joggers. I routinely zigzag home alone since my mom works long hours as a seamstress and my dad works on-again, off-again at a factory. First, I cross the bridge overlooking the 101 Freeway. The second source of paranoia is the overpass I must walk under, embracing obscurity as I pray for light. Needless to say, I usually jog these steps. Third, is the gradual sloping upward of an unpaved sidewalk. In my seven years of walking home, I have seldom seen other pedestrians walking beside or in front of me, but with the California sky peering at me from behind folded arms, I am comforted in knowing I am not alone. One brain to feed. With the relief of passing each perceived danger, I scurry along. Assuming the lighthearted aura of Little Red Riding Hood, the tenacity of The Little Engine That Could, and the optimism of Dr. Seuss, I take a detour to my beloved library. There, I bask in the tranquil familiarity of books, knowledge, words and wisdom. Seventeen years, two eyes, one heart, one brain, one life.

Advancement Medical Healthcare Organization-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advancement Medical Healthcare Organization? Answer: Introduction: With the recent advancement of medical field and healthcare organization, they are able to successfully handle patients with a large number of chronic diseases altogether. The mean age of expectancy for individuals has increased. Healthcare professionals have become competent enough to handle many such cases with high expertise and their contribution has helped in increase in number of population of old age cohort. Maintaining such complex patients with huge number of chronic morbidities have brought happiness in families and helped them to live longer (Brownie, Scott Rossiter, 2016). The following report will mainly look over the interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare. It will also help to untie a case study sequentially giving insights about how nursing professionals can use their critical thinking power to handle such cases effectively. Interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare: A recent trend has been captured by researchers over time which has a magnanimous effect on the resources of not only healthcare centers but also on the lives of patients as well as their family members. Mostly in the high income countries, it is found that the population mortality curve has become somewhat rectangular suffering that the mean age death of the individuals has progressively extended towards much older age in comparison to previous years (Grembowski et al., 2014). However, the increase in longevity is has not been associated with reduction in morbidity of the patients. As more number of individuals is living for a much larger period of time than their predecessors, therefore they are being affected by more disorders. This trend is seen being associated with a growth in individuals living in with multiple concurrent chronic conditions called multi-morbidities or co-morbidities (Katjol et al., 2016). Most primary as well as secondary healthcare centers are facing increasi ng number of old aged patients with a number of chronic morbidities. This gives an overall concept of the complexity of the patients condition due to the presence of large number of chronic ailments in the form of co morbid symptoms. The most important factor that is supporting the patients to live longer lives are the growth of clinical practice guidelines under the influence of evidence based medicines and concerns for knowledge translation. They have helped many old patients to survive for long even in complex conditions with their chronic co morbid diseases but this had created a huge pressure on the resources of the healthcare centers as well as the family members increasing heir burden and poor quality lives. It is advised by researchers that healthcare industry should develop requisite management tools and care approaches which would help in providing appropriate care for all complex patients (Aquitrre et al., 2017). Therefore it can be seen that complexity, chronicity and co morbidity are interlinked and the concept should be clear to all healthcare professionals so that they can rightly handle the upcoming challenges in healthcares. Pathophysiology of COPD and its association with cigarette smoking both in active and passive mode: COPD is characterized by three important occurrences which affect the health of the patient. They are airway inflammation, mucocilliary dysfunction as well as consequent airway structural changes. The first occurrence which is the airway inflammation is mainly caused by the chronic inflammation of airways, pulmonary blood vessels as well as lung tissues mainly as the results of the exposure of the airway to different inhaled irritant such as tobacco smoke. The inhaled irritants cause inflammatory cells like that of the neutrophils, CD8+T-lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages to come together and accumulate. These cells eventually become activated that helps in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade. This in turn results in the release of various types of inflammatory mediators like as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interferongamma (IFN-), matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP-6, MMP-9), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and fibrinogen (Celi, 2014). They cause sustenance of the inflammatory process which ultimately leads to the damage of various tissues as well as range of different systematic effects. The chronic inflammation also causes outset of the diseases and leads to different types of structural changes in the lungs which causes perpetuation of the airflow limitation. The second factor is the structural changes. Due to airway remodeling, inflammatory response remains associated with COPD that leads to narrowing of the airways. Three factors which contribute to this is the peribronchial fibrosis, building up of the scar tissue that result from the damage to the airways and also occurrence of over multiplication of the epithelial cells which line the airways. Symptoms of emphysema may also take place when there is parenchymal dysfunction. This is associated with the loss of lung tissue elasticity which results due to destruction of the structures that support and fed the alveoli (Adnot, 2014). The small airways collapse during exha lation resulting in impeding airflow, trapping air in the lungs and reducing the lung capacity. The third factor is the mucociliary dysfunction. Smoking and inflammation result in the enlargement of the mucous glands that line the walls of the airway. This causes the goblet cells metaplasia which in turn causes the healthy cells of the lungs to be replaced by mucus secreting cells. The mucocilairy system which is responsible for clearing mucus form the airways also gets damaged dye to the inflammations. Therefore excess mucus is formed in the airways that eventually accumulate that blocks the airways and worsen the airflow (Milne King, 2014). The above mentioned pathophysiology can be linked with the patients condition. She was herself a smoker which had already affected the condition of the lungs. Though she had quitted the smoking habit, she is still projected to danger as her husband is a smoker and she is vulnerable to passive smoking. The tiny particles of the smoke enter into her lungs each time she inhales the smoke, the bronchial tubes get swollen and inflamed. Lining of the airways produces larger amount of mucus which traps the irritants. The combined effect of these makes the airways thickened in the patient as well as narrowed because of swelling and mucus. This cause reduction in the amount of airflow and increased mucus results in persistent cough. In these ways, she has become a COPD patient. Pathophysiology of the osteoarthritis and rationale behind the patients present condition: Osteoarthritis mainly takes place due to the malfunction of the chondrocyte. Due to this reason the structure of the cartilage changes. The production of the large protein which usually helps in the retainment of water within the cartilage gets reduced. As a result of these, the cartilage gradually becomes dehydrated overtime and therefore becomes more brittle (Arden et al., 2014). Therefore when a load is applied on them, the structure is more likely to fail and as a result of which cracks begin to occur. This cracking in the cartilage is termed as fissuring. In course of time as more cracks begin to develop, piece of cartilage begins to flake away and no new cartilage is produced in the gaps (Mobasheri Batt, 2016). In course of time, no cartilage remains left that would cover the bone. Hence, any movement of the joints requires the bone to move directly against the bones. Therefore it causes successive pain the individuals (Olivotto et al., 2015). The patient of the case study had a strenuous livelihood of a cleaner and mechanical tear and wear over the years had resulted in her to develop symptoms of arthritis. Symptoms that the nurse should take in consideration before designing her care plan: The patient who has come for consultation to the clinic has disorders like COPD and arthritis like symptoms. With the gradual advancement of age, she is noticing gradual loss of mobility and increased issues with her breathing even when she is conducting minor works and walking small distances. This is disrupting her caring for her grandchildren. The nurse found that her body weight has increased from 64 Kg to that of 72 Kg in the last 3 months. She is also having pain and discomfort arising from her spine. Hence the patient is having a set of complex symptoms which the nurse to critically analyze properly so that she can develop an intervention plan which will help he patient to handle all her symptoms effectively and help her enjoy a better quality life. Interaction between hypertension, COPD and arthritis: As the patient is suffering from COPD, the amount of oxygen that is going to the blood gets reduced. This results in the production of high blood pressure in the blood vessels form the heart to that to the lungs. This makes it even more difficult for the heart as it cannot pump much needed blood to the rest of the body. Moreover this disorder of the lungs also cause body to produce more red blood cells thereby making the blood thicker and it becomes difficult for the heart to pump (Kirby Coxson, 2015). Therefore a person having both COPD and hypertension has to breathe faster in order to take in more oxygen. When a person suffers from such a situation, the doctor usually prescribed a proper lifestyle and correct medications which help to keep any harmful effects in heck and the patient can thereby lead proper quality life (Petersen et al., 2014). Another link up that may be found is that between osteoarthritis as well as high blood pressure. This has been stated by many researchers that a person suffering form osteoarthritis often suffer form joint pain as well a stress which in turn results in the rise of the blood pressure. Anxiety that a person usually develops due to lack of independence and fears about debility may also result the pressure to rise. Often worries about finances of management, rehabilitation and becoming incapacitated result in contribution to blood pressure elevation. Use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory medications also result in the development of high blood pressure in osteoarthritis patients but this cannot be the case as she uses only paracetamol to cure from the pain. The nurse should also be sure not to provide any NSAIDS as they may increase the blood pressure of the patient (Crofford et al., 2013). The patient is also seen to develop have gained weight and this would have a very harmful impact on the health of the patients. A greater body weight will put in more pressure and load on the bones which will affect the patients and her mobility will decrease over time due to the excessive pain that occur due to heavy weight on such bones. Medications provided to the patient and rationale behind it: Symbicort which is prescribed to the patient due to his COPD is formed form the combination of the budesonide as well as formoterol. The former one is the steroids which helps in the reduction o the inflammation that occurs in any part do the body and formoterol is a bronchodilator which helps in the relaxation of the muscles in the airways that helps in improvement in breathing. Therefore this medication is a right type of drug prescribed to the patient (Bagherisadhegi, Lahrnib Chrystyn. 2015). Spiriva contains tiotropium which is very much helpful to prevent symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath and others which patients with COPD often face. This medication mainly works by relaxing the muscles around the airways s that they can easily open up and the patient can breathe more easily. Salbutamol is the medication which is often used as inhalers by patients. They work by acting on the receptors present in the beta 2 receptors. This medication actually helps in the stimulation of the receptors which in turn causes the muscles in the airways to relax. This allows the airways to open and help the patient in easy breathing (Ballantine, 2017). Paracetamol is prescribed to the patients for mild to moderate pain in muscular spasms as well. For inflammatory arthritis often nurses prescribe the use of paracetamol with non steroidal anti inflammatory drug. However, the nurse should be very careful as this is a complex case and the patient already has hypertension. It is suggested by the researchers that NSAIDS often increase the blood pressure and therefore if do happens in the patients, she might face threats to her life. Hence she would be very careful in providing medication to the patient for arthritis. Perindropil is along acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor which is prescribed by doctors to treat high blood pressure, heart failure as well as stable coronary artery diseases in form of perindopril arginine. In case of this patient, it would be helpful in controlling his high blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessel and helping in easy and smooth passage of blood (Sirenko et al., 2016). Nurses intervention: Besides this medication, the nurse should also introduce proper lifestyle management plans for her along with proper diet system is that she can effectively mange her weight. As she is osteo-arthritis, she would be given some freehand exercises and would also be asked to consult with physiotherapist for best effects. Proper medication should be followed in order to tackle the symptoms of COPD and arthritis and hypertension. The management of such complete situation of the patient will result in outflow of finances which would provide a hard time on her family. As her daughters would be working, the entire care giving responsibility would be on her husband who is also aged and might get stressed when providing care to such complex patients. Therefore, a strenuous situation may arise but proper planning with the members of the family and correct healthcare education will benefit the patient and also all the members successfully. Conclusion: The nurses of this age are educated with the most modern form of nursing that uses evidence based studies as their mode of development of skills. These had helped them to understand the interrelationship of the different chronic illness faced by the patients. They try to find the link by properly understanding their pathophysiology and then link them with the patients condition. They then try to provide medication and interventions which will help patients to overcome their symptoms. At the same time, they also need to be careful that the medication do not cause drug drug interaction which affects the patients negatively. Hence, student nurses should develop themselves according to this trend so that they can practice their profession with skill and knowledge. References: Adnot, S. (2014). Cell senescence and pathophysiology of chronic lung diseases: role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine,198(4-5), 659-671. Aguirre, N. G., Martnez, A. C., Muoz, L. B., Avellana, M. C., Marco, J. V., Dez-Manglano, J. (2017). Polypathology, polypharmacy, medication regimen complexity and drug therapy appropriateness.Revista Clnica Espaola (English Edition). Arden, N., Blanco, F., Cooper, C., Guermazi, A., Hayashi, D., Hunter, D., ... Reginster, J. Y. (2014).Atlas of osteoarthritis. Springer Healthcare Limited. Bagherisadeghi, G., Larhrib, H., Chrystyn, H. (2015). Ex-vivo study of Symbicort using inhalation profiles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).J Aeros Med and Pulmon Drug Deli, A11-A12. Ballantine, M. (2017). Letter in response to: A Cost Analysis of Salbutamol Administration by Metered-Dose Inhalers with Spacers versus Nebulization for Patients with Wheeze in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Evidence from Observational Data in Nova Scotia.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-1. Brownie, S., Scott, R., Rossiter, R. (2016). Therapeutic communication and elationships in chronic and complex care.Nursing Standard,31(6), 54-63. Celli, B. R. (2014). Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. InMechanics of Breathing(pp. 339-352). Springer Milan. Crofford, L. J. (2013). Use of NSAIDs in treating patients with arthritis.Arthritis research therapy,15(3), S2. Grembowski, D., Schaefer, J., Johnson, K. E., Fischer, H., Moore, S. L., Tai-Seale, M., ... LeRoy, L. (2014). A conceptual model of the role of complexity in the care of patients with multiple chronic conditions.Medical care,52, S7-S14. Kathol, R. G., Knutson, K. H., Dehnel, P. J. (2016). Health Complexity and the Interaction Between Physical and Behavioral Health Conditions in Adults. InPhysician's Guide(pp. 27-49). Springer International Publishing. Kirby, M., Coxson, H. O. (2015). Uncovering the Bronchovascular Links in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Pulmonary Hypertension. Milne, S., King, G. G. (2014). Advanced imaging in COPD: insights into pulmonary pathophysiology.Journal of thoracic disease,6(11), 1570. Mobasheri, A., Batt, M. (2016). An update on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine,59(5), 333-339. Olivotto, E., Otero, M., Marcu, K. B., Goldring, M. B. (2015). Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: canonical NF-B/IKK-dependent and kinase-independent effects of IKK in cartilage degradation and chondrocyte differentiation.RMD open,1(Suppl 1), e000061. Petersen, H., Sood, A., Meek, P. M., Shen, X., Cheng, Y., Belinsky, S. A., ... Celli, B. (2014). Rapid lung function decline in smokers is a risk factor for COPD and is attenuated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use.CHEST Journal,145(4), 695-703. Sirenko, Y. M., Rekovets, O. L., Kushnir, S. M., Torbas, O. O. (2016). Comparative Efficiency of Enalapril and Perindopril in Terms of the Effect on Central Blood Pressure and Elastic Properties of Arteries in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension.HYPERTENSION, (2.46), 101-112.

Wuthering heights summary Essay Example For Students

Wuthering heights summary Essay Emily Bronte was born in Thorton, Yorkshire, in 1918. Wuthering Heights wasBrontes only book; however, she died in 1848 and never knew of the bookssuccess. It is said by many to be the finest novel in the English language. Just before she dies, Catherine Earnshaw gives birth to a beautiful baby girlnamed Cathy. After Catherine married Edgar, heathcliff becomes jealous andmarries Edgars sister, Isabella. Isabella then gives birth to Heathcliffs sonLinton. Wuthering Heights, by Wmily Bronte, is a novel full of contrast betweenCatherine and Cathy and Heathcliff and Linton. While Cathy is growing up, the reader begins t see the contrast between cathyand her mother. Catherine is a typical Earnshaw, having dark hair, and dark eyes. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering heights summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While her daughters characteristics are the exact opposite. Cathy has blondehair, fair skin, and irrestibly brilliant eyes. Catherine and Cathy is emotional aspects also contrast a great deal. YoungCathys emotions are calm, while her mothers rage, and are as unpredictable asa storm. Catherines emotions are so passionate that she is unable to controlthem. To the point of causing her own death. Before she dies, she says thatshe wants both Heathcliff and Edgar to suffer-Edgar, because he never understoodheraffection for Heathcliff; and Heathcliff, because he never understood whyshe married Edgar. Cathy has a mind of her own and some of Catherineswillfullness. She is also capable of great sympathy towards Linton, whom shemarries and finally Hareton Earnshaw. Heathcliff is a strange mix-ture of the refined and incouth; slovently, yetdresses and acts like a g gentleman. While being dark with the look of a gypsy,he is quite handsome. His son, linton resembles his mother, Isabella, as he isblonde, pretty, feeble, adn effeminate. It is ironic thtat Heathcliffs sonshould be so weak and sickly that he dies at the age of seventeen. Although Heathcliff is his father, Linton displays none of Heathcliffscharacteristics. Heathcliff is a character full of brutality. Heathcliff showsthis brutality on several occasions. The most graphic occasion is afterCatherines funeral, when Hindley threatens him with a knife. Thisconfrontation ends up with Heathcliff kicking and pounding Hindleys head intothe floor. Linton has his fathers capability for violent temper, but notphsical strength. Linton shows his each of phyiscal strength when Haretonthrows him and Catherine out of the room. Linton becomes furious saying hewould kill Hareton. This brought on a coughing fit in which blood gushed fromLintons mouth, causing him to fall to the floor. Bibliography:

Ethics in Abuse

Ethics in Abuse A couple of years ago in Knoxville, Tennessee there was a case of child abuse where a baby of just a few months old was shaken and abused to the point that it was left with severe brain trauma and required mechanical ventilation in order to live. Removed from the ventilator, the baby could not continue living. While the parents, which includes the dad who shook the baby would not agree to passively euthanize the child, the hospital decided the best thing to do was allow the child to do a peaceful death by taking it off life support. The reasoning the parents would not take the baby off life support was because the dad would be tried for murder instead of child abuse which is a lesser charger. There are a few ethical issues in this scenario. First, there is the issue of euthanasia itself secondly, the issue of keeping someone alive for personal gain is presented, and finally, there is the issue of determining whether the child was being kept alive based by the use of extraordinary mea sures.Life Support (album)Before continuing, there are few terms that need to be defined. First of all, there are two forms of euthanasia, active and passive. Active Euthanasia is defined as “using certain death-causing means to bring about or cause the death of a person.” (McKinnon). Passive Euthanasia is defined as “withholding or withdrawing certain treatment and letting a patient die.” (McKinnon) In the situation described previously, the issue at hand is Passive Euthanasia. Basically, even though the doctors actually removed the baby from life support that is not what actually killed him. The injuries that were inflicted by his father are what actually killed him. As a result, the ethicalness of Passive Euthanasia will need to be considered further.There is...

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Essay - 1

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Essay Example Be very precise and detailed on the demands you want from each stakeholder, link stakeholders’ interest with your aims, and prioritize. In the BUPA report, they work with the government and other organization to aid in aligning the agenda and long-term policies. BUPA Company should involve all the stakeholders for the proper costing to be enhanced. (Baker 2007,pg.125).  Ã‚   The principle of consistency This principle needs the following of a similar procedure and in case of any change then an explanation to the effect is therefore ideal. BUPA Care Homes should ensure that the auditors follow similar steps in the preparation of the financial statements, without this, any change might make correct interpretation of the financial data impossible (Haldane 2011, pg 134). Principle of Transparency This principle states that for effective costing, it requires openness and honesty visibility in all transactions, ensuring that all information on procurement procedures, opportunities , and processes are well outline and publicized. In BUPA Care Homes, transparency is seen when the Directors read out the annual reports and the audited financial statements (Higgins 2004, pg 118). The materiality concept An item is considered material it affects the decision making process of the users. This is the case when the material is not stated correctly or it is omitted. Materiality concept explains that costing considers the tangibility of an item and the processes involved. In BUPA Care Homes, costing should focus on the tangibility that is attached to the residential homes and the health care service. An error that is too minor to affect anyone’s knowledge of the accounts is immaterial. In the accounts preparation, tangibility and intangibility of an item should be considered, so that resources do not go to waste in the pursuit of further detail. This is usually a very subjective exercise (Field 2007, pg. 105). Objectivity: This principle requires that an accounta nt should work with the view of promoting the aims. They should be showing high levels of neutrality while executing their duties. The accountants not be biased in their operations. This therefore means that they should keep of implementing their personal responses and wishes. They should be straightforward and focused to the facts as the case guarantees. BUPA Company should ensure that the accountants prepare detailed financial statements that are simple and easy to analyze. The accountants should therefore adopt and implement neutral grounds during the analysis of the financial data and statements (Armstrong 2004, pg 46). Causality principle: In many costing exercises, it has always been noted that the cost of payment for any event or service has a relationship with its cause. The nature of the cause therefore is used in the appropriate allocation and budgeting. BUPA should use this principle; do costing after doing proper investigation and coming with the correct findings about t he cause of an occurrence so at to reduce the chances of subjectivity. This is almost similar to the principle of the proximate cause in the cannons of insurance that states clearly that for one to be compensated; the risk that has occurred must relate directly with the property insured. In insurance the compensation cost is usually based on the amount of loss and the premiums paid are based on the nature of the property to be insured (Britton 2007, pg 34). Data accuracy principle The cost of an item is always charged after the

The Trauma of Divorce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Trauma of Divorce - Research Paper Example There are different events in life which can cause trauma. For example, death of close ones, accidents, loss of social status, separation etc., can cause trauma in human life. It has been found that â€Å"people who experience major threats to psychological integrity can suffer as much as those traumatized by physical injury or life threat† (Briere & Scott, 2006, p. 4). One of the most traumatic experiences in life is divorce. Divorce causes pain not only to the individuals getting divorce, but also to people who are related to them. This multiplies the pain and makes it one of the most traumatic experiences in life. During recent decades, divorce has become more common in North America (Matlin, 2008, p. 266). It has been found that even in modern age of today, experience of divorce is still traumatic (Matlin, 2008, p. 266). Hence, if the experience of trauma is to be reduced in individuals undergoing divorce, then people related to them should make it their responsibility to provide them with complete emotional and psychological support so as to help them cope better with the trauma and come out stronger and healthier from it. Divorce has various psychological effects on a person. According to Baca Zinn and Eitzen (2002), apart from separation from spouse, as divorce brings different kinds of transitions and separations, it is especially painful for a person (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). According to Etaugh and Hochn (1995), as people have a tendency to judge a woman who is divorced with negative attitude, it causes immense distress and stress to her (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). Moreover, as women are more likely to get separated from friends and relatives previously shared by the couple, and from the home and children with whom they are emotionally attached, there are more chances of them feeling hurt, lonely and helpless inside (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). Divorce brings dramatic

The Beatles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Beatles - Research Paper Example John Lennon did not completely stand out on the album, although his compositions are remarkable: ‘I Want You (She’s So Heavy),’ which blends into a flurry of white noise; ‘Because,’ which presents several of the greatest symphony the Beatles ever recorded; and, the groovy ‘Come Together’. Ringo, with his ‘Octopus’s Garden’, carried on with the aquatic escapade he had begun on ‘Yellow Submarine’ (Perone 32). However, it is Paul who conquers the album. He presents a satirical performance with ‘Maxwell’s Silver Hammer’ on side one. Afterward, he shows off his finest voice quality for â€Å"Oh! Darling† (Perone 32). On side two, Paul also manage the medleys, performing almost all the lead singings, starting the first medley with ‘You Never Give Me Your Money’, a gloomy depiction of the Beatles’ current financial and managerial difficulties; this shifts into the appealing, wistful ‘Sun King’ of John, then by a sequence of pen sketches: ‘Mean Mr. Mustard’, ‘Polythene Pam’, and ‘She Came in through the Bathroom Window’. All the songs were led by Paul (Womack 68). It is an exceptionally talented creation by musicians performing at the height of their careers, making it even more difficult to think that these same singers and composers would not collaborate ever again. The Beatles may not have been the first popular rock band to own and use the synthesizers of Robert Moog. Nevertheless, as soon as the Beatles had obtained a Moog synthesizer, they took complete advantage of it on Abbey Road. Moog’s synthesizer can be heard obviously on a number of songs and furnishes the album an advanced rock sound, which enhances the pop, blues, rock, and singer-composer flairs that are also present all over the album (Holm-Hudson 218). Perhaps, one of the more delicate and successful application of the Moog synthesizer of the period is in ‘Here Comes the Sun’ by George Harrison, the track

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato Hydrogen peroxide is a common by-product produced during metabolism in living organisms. On accumulation, hydrogen peroxide can have various implications on living cells such as skin disorders (Schallreuter Rokos 2006). Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide gives out harmless water and oxygen, as shown by the equation 2H2O2 (aq) ÃÆ' ¯Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   2H2O (l) + O2 (g). The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is low and it can be increased by an enzyme called Catalase. An enzyme is essentially a biological catalyst that can increase the rate of reaction but remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction (Pang 1997, p.63). Catalase readily speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide at a rate of millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules per second (Goodsell 2004). It is particularly important in liver cells and kidney cells for removal of any toxins present in the blood stream to maintain health (Alberts et al. 2002). By varying the temperatures using water baths and measuring the time taken for first bubbling and when bubbling remains constant, the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide can be calculated by the reciprocals of the measured time. The temperature at which the reaction rate is the greatest is referred to as optimum temperature (Pang 1997, p.70). That is the say, enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide the most effectively at this temperature. Aims In this experiment, the influence of temperature on the activity catalase is examined. We aim to find out how its activity changes over a range of temperatures, in order to establish the optimum temperature of this enzyme catalysed reaction. Methods Equipment Water bath (10 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C, 60 °C) Ice Beakers x2 (for the ice bath) Thermometer (to ensure that the ice bath is Test tubes x10 Non-permanent marker Timer Hydrogen Peroxide x200mL Cork Borer Scalpels Watch glasses Aluminium Foil Ruler Potato Pipettor Safety Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is corrosive and hence safety glasses must be worn to prevent eye contact. The decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide would produce pure oxygen so combustible materials must be kept well away. Experimental procedures Set up the following apparatus according to the following conditions: Test Tube Temperature A B 35 °C C 45 °C D 60 °C E Room temperature Label the test tubes to be used, according to the above table. Cover the stock H2O2 with aluminium foil to prevent decomposition under light. Prepare enzyme catalase by inserting through the centre of the potato, with aid of a cork borer. Using the scalpel and ruler, cut 1cm pellets of potato that was extracted with the cork borer. Half-fill a beaker with tap water and add in crushed ice to make water bath for A. Wait for several minutes to allow stabilization of temperature. Insert test tube A, leave for a 3 minutes before using the 10mL pipette to add 8mL H2O2 to the test tube. Add the 1cm pellet of potato to the test tube. Start the timer and record the time required for the first bubbling to occur and the time when the amount of bubbles produced remain constant. Record all observations. Repeat steps 6-8 for test tubes B to E but without addition of ice. Put them directly into the water baths available in the laboratory. Repeat steps 4-10 twice, recording all observations and results. Average the results obtained for test tubes A-E in each experiment (ignoring outliers), and plot your results against temperature. Extrapolate the graph to determine the optimum temperature for enzyme activity. Discussion To achieve results with greater accuracy, we have taken several precautions. Firstly, I was the person who recorded the time throughout the experiment and this could avoid discrepancy caused by different reaction times among individuals. Secondly, the use of cork borer might ensure uniform sizes of potatoes so that the amount of catalase would be relatively the same. Thirdly, stock H2O2 solution was wrapped to reduce unwanted decomposition under light. Fourthly, test tubes with potatoes were put into the water baths for a few minutes before adding H2O2 and this allowed the temperature of the content to reach that of the water baths. Lastly, no temperature was applied to tube E (at room temperature) and it acted as a control to show that the changes in activity of catalase resulted from changes in temperatures. From our results, enzyme activity is low at very low (0.5 °C) and high (61.2 °C) temperatures. At very low temperatures, substrate and enzyme molecules lack energy for collisions and hence binding to catalase reactions; and at very high temperatures, the alteration of the binding site of enzyme sets in and the denatured enzyme catalyses reactions with decreasing efficiency (Pang 1997, p.70). The optimum temperature for catalase activity was around 35.3 °C, as indicated by the peak in figure 2. This agrees with the research conducted by Yumoto et al. (1999, p.67), in which catalase works the best at about 30 °C. However, this does not agree with our findings from figure 1 (optimum temperature at around 40 °C), whereas the peak activity occurs at 35.3 °C and 43.5 °C. This might be explained by the fact that first bubbling occurred within a few seconds on addition of H2O2 to potato and it was difficult to measure this time precisely. Therefore, the time taken for bubbling remained constant might be a better representation of our experimental outcomes. As regards the observations, it is evident that the colourless gas bubbles are oxygen and the reason why potato sank to the bottom might be explained in terms of density. As dilute H2O2 solution was used, the density of solution can be assumed to be equal to water, which is approximately 0.9970gcm-3 at room temperature (Aylward Findlay 2008, p.154). It is reasonable to predict that potato is essentially denser than water and thus it sinks. However, the gaseous oxygen produced on the surface of the potato can produce an upthrust to push the potato upwards (Goodwin 2002). Therefore the potato temporally floats on the surface. When the gaseous oxygen is discharged at the surface, the effect of density takes priority again, causing the potato to sink. Despite of careful design of our protocol, some experimental errors could have arisen. The 8ml H2O2 was added on a 4ml basis by a pipettor and the timer was started at the first addition. In other words, the measured time could have differed from the actual one by several seconds. This inaccuracy might be improved by the use of graduated pipette so that the 8ml solution could be added via one addition without any delays. Moreover, we forgot to dry the test tubes completely in some of our trials and this could have caused dilution of the H2O2. This error could be fixed by the use of long cotton sticks to dry the inner parts of the test tubes. Furthermore, the judgements of whether or not the amount of bubbles remained relatively the same might be subjective and this problem could be solved by addressing our focus on the volume of oxygen evolved instead. For example, we might collect the oxygen over water and measure the volume of it every 30 seconds for 5 minutes with a calibrated syr inge (Morris 2006). In this way, we might achieve a better measurement of the reaction rate. From this defect in the design, I realized the importance of consulting more sources rather than relying on our own knowledge as we lack experience in experimental design. Conclusion In conclusion, enzyme catalase exhibits low activity at low temperatures (0.5 °C) and high temperatures (61.2 °C). Its activity is the greatest at around 35 °C. The experimental set-up was generally satisfactory to minimize errors except of some defects such as the methodology in measuring the rate of the reaction. It is suggested that more research should be done in designing the experimental protocol.

Lessons from a Third World Perspective on Environmentalism Essay

Lessons from a Third World Perspective on Environmentalism Possibly more than any of the other articles we have read so far, Ramachandra Guha's article "Radical Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique" made me think. In analyzing the Western deep ecology movement, he criticized its focus on preservation of wild areas. By doing this, he was directly criticizing what I have long thought of as my main goal as an "environmentalist." One of the first things that turned me on to environmental issues when I was younger was my horror at the soaring rate of rainforest destruction so dramatically portrayed to us in 9th grade biology class. Since then, by following a biology track through college, my focus has been on ecological goals such as the preservation of biodiversity. The study of ecology has served me as a way to understand wilderness so I might be able to help protect it or restore it. My patterns of thought are often not far off from those of Daniel Janzen, which Guha quotes in his paper as "imperialist yearning of Western biologists and their financial sponsors" to claim land in Third World countries for protection by ecologists (Guha 272). He states his opinion that "the radical conclusions drawn by deep ecology, in particular, that intervention in nature should be guided primarily by the need to preserve biotic integrity rather than by the needs of humans" are unacceptable (271). He also claims that the two "fundamental ecological problems facing the globe are (i) overconsumption by the industrialized world and by urban elites in the Third World and (ii) growing militarization" (271), whereas the biological perspective would c... ...growth instead of material wealth --"The values of caring, cooperation, nurturing and sharing must be encouraged to replace the values of competitiveness, domination and aggression which have characterized our society for so long" --polices must reflect "the interdependence of all living things and the interconnetedness of all political and social activity" (http://www.greenparty.org.uk/principles/values/htm) The list was impressive. And although the Greens seem more prevalent in Europe than in the U.S. - there is an American Greens party - which had Ralph Nader as their presidential candidate in 1996. Maybe the Greens movement could help us meet a wide range of environmental and social goals through its philosophy of humility, instead of following deep ecology's biocentric proposal. I am encouraged to look further into it...

Brendon Gallacher and Medusa Essay

Loss is a key, reoccurring theme in my two poems of choice; ‘Brendon Gallacher’ and ‘Medusa. ’ ‘Brendon Gallacher’ is an affectionate elegy for an imaginary, eponymous childhood friend, ‘Medusa’ is a poem divided into stanzas of mostly equal length. Both poets use varying language to help the reader visualise the characters’ feelings and persona. Emptiness and loss are presented in both poems through numerous techniques including alliteration, imagery and refrain. There is a childlike quality to Jackie Kay’s elegy for the death of an imaginary friend. The persona uses simple language and a range of techniques such as colloquialism. Contrastingly, in Medusa, Duffy uses a sombre tone thought the poem which helps the poem flow naturally and contributes to the developing sorrow. In ‘Brendon Gallacher’, Jackie Kay’s use of a repetitive refrain gives a song-like quality; this is further reinforced by the interjections that show grief in the last lines: ‘Oh Brendon, Oh my Brendon Gallacher’. The passing of Brendon leaves an empty void, filled by the repetition of ‘Brendon Gallacher’, which demonstrates fixation and inability to let ones feelings pass – an emotional attachment; ‘Brendon’ as opposed to the full name previously used. The repetition of the possessive pronoun emphasizes the idea that Brendan belongs to the narrator, and emphasizes the theme of loss and longing for something that is gone. Similarly, Duffy uses evocative language immediately by beginning on the theme of obsession/mistrust. Duffy emphasises this by the list of three, â€Å"suspicion, doubt and fear† which â€Å"grew in her mind†, allowing the flow of thoughts through enjambment. This doubt and fear shows that Medusa is somewhat compulsive and has lost any freedom or ability to control her thoughts. Moreover in Brendon Gallacher, they meet ‘in the open air’, as if Brendon represents autonomy and journeying; he talks of ‘Some place far’, which offers a purpose for the narrator to live on. This is all lost with the ‘death’ of Brendon. A physical loss rather than emotional loss is demonstrated through the words â€Å"we’d been friends for years† and â€Å"he would hold my hand† which suggests there is an emptiness of physical intimacy. Similarly, Medusa was once a beautiful woman who was transformed into a horrible monster by the Greek goddess, Athena. Jealousy and paranoia transform the hair upon â€Å"Medusa’s† head, in the poem, into â€Å"filthy snakes. † Already the reader is aware of the change ‘turned the hairs’, giving the impression that she was not always like this and did at one point have beautiful hair. Both poets have used descriptive techniques and imagery to show the physical changes and loss each character has undergone. â€Å"One day when it was pouring and I was indoors†, this paragraph in Brendon Gallacher uses pathetic fallacy to make the mood evoke a loss of innocence which is reflected by the rainy weather. Immature language and description is used to help the audience visualise the narrator’s childhood, â€Å"He had six brothers and I had one† can be conveyed as quite childish and this might have been used to emphasise that the narrator is talking about her past when she was younger, her childhood emptiness and loss. Also, in Medusa the rhetorical questions, â€Å"Wasn’t I beautiful? Wasn’t I fragrant and young? † show insecurity due to the repetition of questions but also shows a side of innocence as is normally related to young people. Both poems show a loss of innocence, albeit in different ways. â€Å"Look at me now. † The single line in Medusa emphasises the final request that appears as a paradox, a plea for sympathy but also a threat. Another, loss, this time more mentally affecting, Medusa has lost control over her decisions, this is further enforced by her turning of others into stone; â€Å"bullet tears in my eyes†, â€Å"you were stone†, Medusa has lost her ability to even look at others, and much like her tears, her fate is set in stone. This varied sentence length is indulging and engrossing as it really questions the empathy of the reader. All in all, both poems have certain similarities when trying to present loss. Both ‘Brendon Gallacher’ and ‘Medusa’ use language to bring alive the thoughts of the characters. Duffy focuses more on the imagery and tone of the poem whereas Kay brings to life the exact detail to provide the full picture.

George Orwells Use of Appositives in A Hanging

George Orwells Use of Appositives in A Hanging An appositive- a noun or noun phrase that identifies or renames another noun- is a handy way of adding details to a sentence. The term comes from the Latin word for placing close by, and an appositive usually appears right after the word or phrase that it renames. Youve just seen one example of an appositive- in the first sentence of this article. Here, from the opening of George Orwells essay A Hanging, are two more: We were waiting outside the condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, like small animal cages.He was a Hindu, a puny wisp of a man, with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes. A few paragraphs later, Orwell lines up a pair of appositives to identify another character: Francis, [1] the head jailer, [2] a fat Dravidian in a white drill suit and gold spectacles, waved his black hand. In each of Orwells sentences, the appositive could be substituted for the noun it renames (cells, Hindu, Francis). Or it could be deleted without changing the basic meaning of the sentence. Set off by commas, such appositives are said to be nonrestrictive. In some cases, an appositive might be thought of as a simplified adjective clause (a word group beginning with who or which). This next sentence, for example, relies on an adjective clause to identify the subject, hangman: The hangman, who was a gray-haired convict in the white uniform of the prison, was waiting beside the machine. Now look at George Orwells original version of the sentence, with the adjective clause reduced to a more concise appositive: The hangman, a gray-haired convict in the white uniform of the prison, was waiting beside the machine. Viewed this way, appositives offer a way to cut the clutter in our writing. And that, youll have to admit, makes it a handy little device- a compact grammatical structure. NEXTFor a more detailed discussion of appositives, see How to Build Sentences with Appositives.

Names of Common Flowers (Blumen) in German

Names of Common Flowers (Blumen) in German Flowers are an ever-present part of the German landscape. In the middle  of  Lake Constance (Bodensee)  in southwest  Germany, for example, sits Mainau Island, also called the Island of Flowers. Flowers also play a significant role in German traditions and holidays. In the weeks prior to Easter, you will see spring flowers on display alongside Easter trees (ostereierbaum). So, as you study German, familiarize yourself with the names of flowers and related words. Parts of a Flower In the translations in this and the below sections, the name of the flower, or flower-related vocabulary, is listed on the left with the German translation on the right to help you find the term or phrase more easily. Before learning the names of various flowers, take a moment to memorize German words related to the parts of a flower- or  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹blumenbestandteile: Blossom die Blà ¼teBud die KnospeLeaf das BlattSeed der SamenStem der StengelThorn der Stachel Common Flower Names In Germany, several flowers are particularly abundant, including carnations, lilies, and roses, says  FloraQueen. However, many other types of flowers are also common in Germany. Familiarize yourself with flower names so that youll be able to speak knowledgeably about these plants with native speakers. Name of Flower in English German Translation Lily of the valley das Maiglà ¶ckchen Amaryllis die Amaryllis Anemone die Anemone Aster die Aster Baby's Breath das Schleierkraut Begonia die Begonie Blanket Flower die Kokardenblume, die Papageiblume Bleeding Heart das Trnende Herz Carnation die Nelke Columbine die Akelei Cornflower (Bachelor's Button) die Kornblume Crocus der Krokus Daffodil die Narzisse, die Osterglocke Dahlia die Dahlie Daisy das Gnseblà ¼mchen Dandelion der Là ¶wenzahn Echinacea der Sonnenhut,der Scheinsonnenhut Edelweiss das Edelweiß Forget me nots Vergissmeinnicht Galliardia die Gaillardie Geranium die Geranie Gladiolus die Gladiole Goldenrod die Goldrute Heather die Erika, das Heidekraut Hibiscus der Hibiskus, der Eibisch Hyacinth die Hyazinthe Iris die Iris, die Schwertlilie Jasmin der Jasmin, Echter Jasmin Jonquil die Jonquille Lavender der Lavendel Lilac der Flieder Lily die Lilie Marigold die Tagetes, die Ringelblume Orchid die Orchidee Pansy das Stiefmà ¼tterchen Peony die Pfingstrose, die Ponie Petunia die Petunie Poppy der Mohn, die Mohnblume Rose die Rose Snapdragon das Garten Là ¶wenmaul Snowdrop das Schneeglà ¶ckchen Sunflower die Sonnenblume Tulip die Tulpe Violet das Veilchen Zinnia die Zinnie Other Flower-Related Vocabulary As you study the names of common flowers and vocabulary related to flower parts, dont forget to familiarize yourself with flower-related vocabulary. Note that in German,  each noun, pronoun and article has four cases. Therefore, a common noun such as  Blumenstrauß- flower bouquet- may start with a capital letter, even if it does not begin a sentence and even though it would be lowercased in English. To bloom blà ¼henTo water gießenTo wilt   verwelkenFlower bouquet der BlumenstraußFlower shop der BlumenladenFlorist der Florist, der Blumenverkufer Flower Idioms Once youve mastered the names and parts of flowers, impress your native-speaking friends with some well-known flower idioms- blumen redewendungen: To beat around the bush   durch die Blume  sagenTo push up radishes   Die Radieschen von  unten  anschauen/betrachten Though the second phrase is translated literally, in English, this idiom would more normally be translated as pushing up daisies (to be dead). Try out this saying the next time youre watching a mobster movie with your German-speaking friends.

Movie review anthropology Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology - Movie Review Example The weapons that the human and humanoid tribes used during their battle distinctly identify their differences. This film by James Cameron demonstrates the two faces of the Earth’s inhabitants. The movie Avatar depicts both the modern and conventional societies that are greedy and selfless, respectively. Each community tries to live up to what the society they live in requires of them, even if it could lead to the demise of a large group of human beings. The movie presents a number of ideas that relate to human social and cultural nature that are very significant in understanding them. People and society are often depicted in movies, and Avatar, although a science-fiction movie, is no different. Having a better life is what every human being desires to have. Man is indeed forced to do something he does not intend to because of this need. At the beginning of the movie, it has been established that Jake, the main character in the movie was obliged to replace his deceased brother since he needed money for the treatment of his leg that was injured when he was on duty in the marine. Like any human being, who does not have the capacity to pay for his own treatment, Jake submitted himself to project Pandora since he contains the genetic make-up of his twin brother necessary to make the avatar intended for him to work. Inasmuch as a person tries to avoid being subjected to a situation he does not like, his financial needs lead him to do so. Every human being has a freedom of choice. This is true. However, the society provides him with very limited choices. Although others may say they only want to live a simple life, this simplicity does not always come easy for everyone. Just as Jake wanted himself to live a normal life, he does not have the necessary amount of money to bring himself to the hospital and get the surgery that his legs needed. The desire of having a better life brought him to submit to the demands of people who could provide him his needs even thou gh he did not exactly like it. How much a human could tolerate other people’s demands was clearly illustrated in the movie when Jake could no longer perform his tasks after being subjected to the Omaticayan tribe. His video logs documents how his perspective has changed about the two different worlds he had been able to experience. Man is unable to see the other side of the world when he is deprived of the chance to see it. No comparison will be made when one does not see any point of comparison. Rich people may think being rich does not gain any advantage from the others when they do not see how poor people live their lives. When Jake was exposed to the life of the Na’vis, he could not help but compare the world he used to live in and the new world he has learned to live in Pandora. The world of humans, with all the advanced sciences and technologies that it offers, is nothing but a â€Å"dream† to him. The â€Å"real world† is the world with the Omatica ya tribe, deprived of the advanced weaponry and the machines that were brought about by modern science. Although Jake is naturally not a Na’vi, it is with them that he finds the sense of belonging, when he is treated a real human being. This shift in the main character’s perspective is instrumental as this shows that it is normal for human beings to take a turn when

Promoting Physical Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Promoting Physical Activity - Essay Example On the contrary, research shows that a child whose physical activity is increased significantly performs better than children who spend more time learning in classrooms. Their scores and grades in standardized tests are impressively higher even with less classroom learning periods. A recorded 61.5% of children 9-13 years old d not participate in physical activities outside of school, while 22.6% do not engage in any physical activity during free time; with this data it is more important that teachers classroom teaching style should inject games and other activity that would require physical movement so that at the end of the day, if you add the time spent in games, the time would amount to 30 minutes, which is the minimal amount of time that children should spend in physical activities. Every school should take steps towards safeguarding child’s health through the promotion of physical activities similar to what the parents, teachers, and students association in Michigan did by promoting physical education opportunities – skip rope, biking, jumping, basketball, classroom games, and the likes – within the curriculum to positively impact the child’s mental, emotional, social, and physical growth ("Promoting of Quality Physical Educati on" 2004). Throughout childhood and high school I was very active in sports. I took dance lessons all throughout elementary school, and was a cheerleader and lacrosse player in high school. My parents and coaches were always very supportive, and urged that the most important thing was going out and enjoying ourselves. Dance classes such as ballet were much more structured, while playing lacrosse taught me the importance of working as a team to work towards a common goal. I think these experiences were very important, as it allowed me to form many lasting friendships, participate in a social

The Impact of the Two World of Black America Essay

The Impact of the Two World of Black America - Essay Example The First World War did not reduce but, on the contrary, increased racial opposition between white and African-American citizens. Racial tensions were accompanied by serious economic and social controversies. At the beginning of the Second World War, military institutions and forces in America continued to reflect racial tendencies in society, refusing to willingly accept Black soldiers. Despite those controversies, WWII became the turning point in the development of new racial relations in America. Changes in military structures, the rise in racial awareness, and wartime intercultural education shaped the ground for restructuring the entire system of racial relations in contemporary American state. WWI and racism in America World War I was the time when the lives of African-Americans became virtually unbearable. That was also when racism and racial antagonism became serious barriers to effective military action in America. â€Å"World War I brought the American South to the brink o f momentous change, with the sense of energy and opportunity that accompanied mobilization on the home front† (Hudson 2009, p.3). ... Failure to engage Black citizens in military service distorted the picture of citizenship in America and reduced its chances to ensure loyal service (Lentz-Smith 2009). White supremacy before and during WWI were both tragic and inevitable. Blacks had little opportunity to change their situation to the better. It would be fair to say that WWI did not change the place and position of Blacks in America; moreover, it deepened the conflicts between Blacks and Whites, leading to the subsequent reaffirmation of white supremacy at all levels of the country’s social hierarchy. Davis (2008) tells the story of an African American soldier getting back home after the end of WWI. An exception rather than the rule, Blacks’ involvement in military actions was a continued source of controversy. More serious were the consequences of Blacks’ participation in the military: upon his return to Blakely, Georgia, the young soldier was met by a group of white men and forced to put off hi s uniform (Davis 2008). He was also threatened not to wear the uniform in public (Davis 2008). However, the young man ignored the threat and, for this reason, was lynched by a mob (Davis 2008). Lynching had to send an explicit message to all African American soldiers throughout the state: that they sacrificed their lives and health to protect the liberty of their people would not lead to racial equality (Sollors 1996). The lynched soldier became the hero of African American literature during the 1930s, but even the popularization of the soldier’s image could not change the situation. WWI further intensified the conflicts between African-Americans and the white majority. Lynching was just one example of open racial discrimination in America

Can leaders be flexible Essay Example for Free

Can leaders be flexible Essay Yes, I do believe that leaders can be flexible in the way they interact with others, or change their behaviors or personalities so to suit the situation. Also, they might need to focus on followers needs/behaviors or their level of readiness by changing or shifting behavioral their leadership style. One theory might describe and support this concept is the situational leadership theory which requires leaders to center their leadership style or behaviors according to their followers level. This theory was initially created by Hersey and Blanchard (1969) and has approaches that concern for people productions as well as shows that there is no one best style of behavior for a leader (Norris, 1992). Most importantly, the situational theory require leader to adjust his behavior and leadership style to features of followers and situation. Therefore, it might be important to look at the four styles described by Hersey and Blanchard to identify the situations that any leader might have to change his style or behavior. There are situations where leader might have to be flexible with his followers by giving them less responsibly and delegation of tasks due to their lack of knowledge/experience, or if they are newly hired etc. the leader in this case might need to utilize the telling style whereby there is more of directing and controlling of leader to his followers. In this behavioral style, leaders role involves telling his follower on what and how to perform their tasks step by step. In my working experience, for example, I tend to use this style when training people whom are newly hired or inexperienced and require a lot of assistance or hints when in doubt. I might sometimes need to spill out the responsibilities or duties for perform to make sure that they are still on focus. Knowing that differences between tasks and relationships behaviors as described in Hughes et al (1996), I agree that the telling style does have high task and low relationship with followers because followers in this stage are unable to perform any delegated tasks and that means should be giving detailed instructions. Another situational and behavioral style is the selling style whereby the leader is acting both as a director and supporter toward his followers. This style might be more effective if followers are delegated toward some responsibility and have an adequate knowledge of performing their tasks. The leader in this case is only giving directions and guideline when any deviation is observed. In term of skills and ability, the leader is also to promote his followers skills throughout. Because of that, it ca be said that in this behavioral style, the leader is coaching i.e. there is higher tasks delegation and higher relationship with followers. In the participating style, the leader exercises low tasks delegations but high relationship with followers. This is because in this style the main role of leader is to facilitate the delegated tasks to his followers by showing his knowledge or skills on how best can this be done. Bearing in mind the level of communication is high in this style which enables follower to share in the decision making process as applicable. This behavioral style might best be used is when followers are starting or completing a job (Hughes et al, 2006). The last situational style is the delegating style whereby there is little two side communication between the leader and his followers (low-task- low relationship). This style might be implemented when leader is aware of his followers knowledge, ability, confidence, experience and most importantly taking higher responsibilities. To this extend, followers are able to direct them selves with no control from their leader. Although, leaders in this style are like an observers whereby they have less influence on their followers and less control. However, leader might also need to consider followers development level/their readiness level and competence. Followers competence might include their knowledge, skills and ability to assess the work outcome. Therefore, leader might have to respond or change his behavior in such way that fits the situation. He can classify his people to stages such as:Â · People are able and willing to take tasks (competent). Â · People are unable and unwilling to take tasks (incompetents)Â · People are unable but willing to take tasks (unskilled). Â · People are able but unwilling tasks (unmotivated). So to summarize, it can be seen that the situational leadership theory presented by Hersey and Blanchard focuses on the followers behaviors and define what style is best to suit any situation. Also, it highlights the level of responsibilities delegated as well as the degree of relationship between leaders and followers. Put into practice, situation leadership theory is basically effective with any situation. Moreover, it seems that the situational theory answer the question that leader might need to change their behavior and be flexible with followers as that depends on situation and circumstances. In other words, leaders might need to adjust them selves all the time depending on the working environment and follower level of readiness (Norris, 1992). And as the Hersey and Blanchard theory, they should always change their personality or be able to identify clues in their environment and adapt their leader behavior to meet the needs of their followers in any particular situation (). Vecchio and Norris agrees that ,even with good diagnostic skills, leader might need to be flexible in changing their behavior and adapt their leadership styles that meet that demand of both the followers and environment. Reference: Norris, R., Vecchio, R 1992 Situational leadership theory. Group Organization Management. Hughes, R.L., Ginnet, R.C., Curphy, G.J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience. 5th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill

Modern Marvels :: Technology

As vainglorious as it may seem, there are actually a few people out there who think they are the picture of perfection. I definitely excluded myself from that group when I was born, on October 29, 1991, with 3284932273 flaws. Although the list of my short-comings is extremely extensive there is one that is leading to my inevitable downfall, my dependency of technology is extremely high! If my memory serves me correct, when I was younger I had an excellent memory. I was able to recall almost any information within the blink of an eye. Whether it was a telephone number or an address I knew it. It took one piece of technology to change this virtue, that device was a cell phone. When I was 12 years old, I obtained my first cell phone for my birthday. Prior to that day there wasn?t a thing in the world I thought I needed more. I stored phone numbers and other important information that at one point in time I remembered unmistakably. Now it?s as if I suffer from a mild case of amnesia. If I can barely keep in mind school deadlines, how can I retain a phone number from the lost portion of my brain? When I have my ?senior moments? and I can?t remember a thing, I am in total distress. I suffer mentally and physically, my headaches are unbearable at times. My computer has made just as much of a contribution to my demise as my cell phone, over the years it as accomplished myriad milestones. The internet is better than it has ever been, information can be quickly retrieved, and entertainment is around nearly every corner. Although the computer conveniences millions of people it hurts them just as much. I don?t know a person in the world (familiar with technology) who doesn?t like technological advancements, but it encourages laziness. There are a lot of people in the world who sit around and use the computer for every aspect of life. They basically live their life through a computer screen, they schedule, pay bills, organize financial information, shop, and a slew of other activities. Not looking on the brighter side of things, this lifestyle can lead to ghastly consequences such as obesity and many other health problems. Many people take for granted the technology that we abuse and habitually overuse in our daily lives.

Bram Stoker`s Dracula

Bram Stoker’s celebrated novel Dracula (1897) advocates love and faith as the greatest of life’s virtues; however, the quest for these values and virtues is made through a labyrinth of sexual and misogynistic experiences and events which serve to enhance the moral ambiguities of Stoker’s Gothic masterpiece. In the book, when values of faith and chastity are abandoned, the searing social critique of the relaxation of sexual mores shows us a clear picture of punishment.Stoker portrayed sexual wantonness as a form of self-destruction: the catalyst of this moral underpinning is when Lucy remarks, â€Å"Why can’t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her, and save all this trouble? But this is heresy, and I must not say it† (57). A desire to see the destruction of Lucy is obviously seen as Dracula in a beastly form attacks the â€Å"mother form† of Lucy. This clearly reflects Stoker’s anti-maternal attitude when early in the n ovel, Dracula feeds a baby to his three brides at the castle (43).In the novel, the mother was torn apart by a pack of wolves under Dracula’s command (48) as a callous woman portrayed by Lucy is read as â€Å"she had clutched strenuously to her breast, growling over it as a dog growls over a bone† (Stoker 157-158). Plainly he intends to see Lucy in an animalistic level as an â€Å"old-blooded† and â€Å"callous† and she, like the other vampires, has virtually no love in her. The women in the novel actually served like whores starving for true affection (Stoker, 43).In this way, Stoker extols essentially masculine and Patriarchal biases. John Allen Stevenson’s assertion that â€Å"interracial sexual competition,† comprises a central theme in the novel’s sexual expressions, suggests that Dracula's predatory instincts are Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -2- motivated by â€Å"an omnivorous appetite for difference, for novelty† (Stevens on, 139).Dracula himself represents a monstrosity, an â€Å"other† who threatens the normalcy of established, socially acceptable sexuality: this extension of chauvinism is deeply intensified by the sexual connotations: Lucy and Mina experience sexuality that is â€Å"released in the wrong way, by a foreigner . . . who has achieved what the men fear they may be unable to accomplish† (Stevenson, 146). The threatening aspects of Dracula’s sexuality are myriad.In the â€Å"baptism of blood† scene, where Dracula forces Mina to drink from him, â€Å"What is going on? Fellatio? Lactation? It seems the vampire is sexually capable of everything† (Stevenson, 146). The â€Å"other† distorts common perceptions of the nature of sexuality, foremost among these perceptions is the assignation of gender roles; Dracula, however, frustrates established concepts of gender, stimulating fear— fear of â€Å"vampire sexuality, a phenomenon in which ‘ our' gender roles interpenetrate in a complicated way† (Stevenson, 146).Men are subjected to â€Å"feminization† when they are pierced by the vampire’s fangs, wanton women devour babies rather than nurturing them substituting a masculine aggression for feminine tenderness. Thus liberated, women become too sexual aggressors, taking on traditionally masculine roles. â€Å"The famous scene in which the book's hero, Jonathan Harker, is seduced by three vampirettes – only to have the count interrupt the ersatz orgy with the cry, â€Å"This man belongs to me! † – dramatizes Victorian men's fear of sexually aggressive women as well as their abysmal urge for manly love.† (Roberts) Thus, Dracula’s sexual crime are not specific to a single act of depravity, but a range of depravities wherein wanton female sexuality is viewed as both the instigating principle and the Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -3- end-result of the ensuing predation. †Å"His crime is not the hoarding of incest but a sexual threat, a sin we can term excessive exogamy† (Stevenson, 139).Contemporary interpretations of Stoker’s sexual themes as represented in Dracula have ranged from strictly Freudian views to complex explications involving symbolism, myth and even politics and economics. One homogenizing factor for most of these interpretations is an acceptance that the novels deals with repressed aspects of sexuality and sexual desire and that these repressions emerge primarily from patriarchal and masculine forms of oppression. The association of the products of imagination a sense of the rational hero that is often romanticized in literary piece however portrayed in horror as the sublime good.The element of suspense being a temptation for all viewers gives out the tendency to fascinate the development of the plot that affirms the patriarchal social order. Clover has also associated horror as a struggle for recognition of all that soci ety represses. Further she has equated that repression of female sexuality and other forms of bisexuality and homosexuality has ceased to continue in the tradition of new films that altered the role and characterized the feminine heroine and authority that contemporary horror upholds as a an acceptable critique of male authority.Neale (1980) and Creed (1990) on the basis of their own contradictory evidenced has arrived at a conclusion that the horror film genre depicts a certain patriarchal fear of the female sexuality where men are often the villainous monsters and women are the primary object of its actions. Neale maintained that women’s sexuality renders them desirable—but also threatening—to men, which constitutes the real problem that the horror film exists to explore.â€Å"Stoker's realization that his mother was indeed a sexual being who belonged to his father finds an outlet in his fiction when he intermingles Oedipal conflicts with sibling rivalry, pat ricide and Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -4 infanticide,† she writes. She also suggests that Stoker's fascination with blood may flow from his mother's tales of a cholera epidemic (survivors fended off starvation by drinking blood from the family cow) or even a traumatic glimpse of afterbirth (he was one of seven children).† (Roberts) Thus, the most terrifying aspect of the novel is not the vampire’s lust for blood— but lust itself— as unleashed in wild-women who no longer adhere to the chauvinistic restraints placed on their sexuality: â€Å"While Stoker's novel, Dracula, (2) portrays Mina Harker as a strong-minded but conventional Victorian woman, and as Dracula's victim, Francis Ford Coppola's film, Brain Stoker's Dracula, (3) reads between the lines of the novel and creates a Mina Harker who escapes the restraints of Victorian society through her relationship with the vampire.† (Harbin)- Furthering the threat to conventional mores is the fact that Dracula’s victims are willing participants in their own deviant behaviour. â€Å"Dracula tells Jonathan Harker to â€Å"enter freely and of your own will† (Stoker 22) and â€Å"In folklore, vampires often require complicity from their prey.Just as Jonathan cannot be coerced, but must ‘enter freely,' no vampire can come into a home uninvited† (Harbin) Thus, Stoker leaves no doubt that the will to challenge the conventional mores of society is not impressed wholly from the â€Å"outsider† but is inherent in the hearts of many – who are given provocation and opportunity by the vampire — but the initial will toward deviance remains their own. Creed in her study postulates that where the monster is a maternal figure who threatens to devour males, this horror narrates the patriarchal fear of the mother.Jancovich (1994) explains that the monster serves to punish the erring females where the women who agree with the male superiority sur vive. Further as a psychological lambaste against the Oedipus complex in the male child, the female monster is depicted to separate and repress the desires of the male child from Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -5- his mother and thereby associate the positions of mastery and dominance associated with masculinity.Despite Neale’s and Creed’s differences, Jancovich and other critics supported claims that neither is an expression of dominant or subordinate groups but rather a site of struggle between the two genders. Thus, in the interest of culture, groups challenge other groups and attempts to incorporate them to answer certain interests and aspirations within terms that do not challenge their own.Where there is existing contradiction between one another in an unfixed structure, these concerns are forever addressed and develops within a certain period often presented in the dialogues and struggle contained in films to give out signs of their dynamism that is often addressed to a specific vulnerable audience. Horror novels (and films) are often used to suggest the different positions of the differing sentiments of these groups to generate responses from its audience based on the assumption that certain representations have certain effects.Horror novels like Dracula which have evolved through certain periods will concentrate as the basis of this analysis that discusses the certain views of certain gender groups in particular. Individualism and specifically individualism which threatens conventional perspectives about sexuality and gender roles and the distribution of power between the genders is portrayed in Dracula as the most ominous threat to established order; to depart from the accepted ways may bring the (momentary) illusion of freedom and strength; however, in the long run, deviation from the prescribed order leads to chaos and ruin.Because Dracula seeks to transform rather than merely influence others, his will toward â€Å"homogenous† ind ividualism results in an eerie â€Å"neither-or† result for his victims who, once bitten (initiated), become ostracised from society only to occupy another hierarchical and Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -6-limiting society, one where the cohesive and nurturing aspects of traditional conformity are replaced by insatiable desires for blood and power, where one’s instincts are turned away from liberation toward the initiation of others into the restrictive world of the undead. The punishment for turning away from the established order of society is to see one’s very soul taken, one’s autonomy subverted, and one’s sexuality perverted beyond measure.Stoker’s conventional interpretation of morality reaches for a panacea to Dracula’s malefic influences which is as as socially conventional as his descriptions of degeneracy and depravity, for it is the social collective which is capable of defying and ultimately defeating Dracula, not an individu al, but a group of individuals working together: Against Dracula's individualism, Van Helsing is able to muster enough information and people to destroy the count.Van Helsing points to the greatest weapon that they have in their fight against Dracula when he states, â€Å"We have on our side power of combination–a power denied to the vampire kind . . . † (244). Every weapon that Van Helsing and his group use against Dracula is tied to the idea and power of combination. Shared information, knowledge, strength, and financial resources enable them to overcome Dracula. (Gutjahr 38)Following through on the integrated themes of patriarchal power and order, Stoker concludes his novel by returning to the conventional disposition of society: when sexuality (and particularly feminine sexuality) is allowed to manifest without restraint, the result is a breakdown in the social order which results in a breakdown of the individual who depends on the ordered structures of society to defend them against the ever-present malefic influence of deviation or surrender to one’s animalistic nature.The misogynystic thrust of Stoker’s theme is clear: that women comprise not only the greatest threat to the sanctity of established social mores, but that they are also the reason such social mores have been concocted. They are also the most easily led astray from these mores and Bram Stoker`s Dracula Page -7- the result of their deviation is the most profound.Stoker, preoccupied with establishing a credible villainy for his antagonist relied upon the most plebien and well-established social stereotypes of his time regarding women and women’s sexuality. Conclusion In analysis, the female characters in Stoker’s Dracula reflect a role of minor non-importance and dependence to the male gender that later on evolves into an apparent attempt to endorse the evil results of female power. Tohill and Thomas (1994) adds that the literary background of the hor ror film genre originated with an attempt to deal with the dark subconscious confronting fiend, aware of the dangers that implicates the society.Yet, the development of horror films contributes to the exploration of victimization and in particular men’s perception of the woman in the society. In the70’s and 80’s, Jancovich has stated that women were punished for being liberated or sexual because the era of free love and the feminist movement were so fresh in the minds of the people. It was now far enough away from these times that society could all accept and move on rather than judge women. The period was fraught more women being admitted into all male colleges for the first time and in many colleges, females made up the majority of the stud culture.Significantly, the history of feminism has sought to study a new understanding and the relations of sexes. Contemporary novels and films have started portraying the acceptability of feminine power and acceptability that horror films likely aims to disintegrate. As Wood and Lippe would have it, there is no attempt to foil masculinity at all and that some films are used in an effort to masquerade pornography in horrific acts of rape that prevail the ideology of misogyny or theBram Stoker`s Dracula Page -8- hatred of the female specie. In older horror films, the feminine depiction is that of incompetent however contemporary films have discussed a more emotional motivation grounded on power relations between masculine and feminine. A character role that changes over time has repressed sexual energies and is apparently linked to the sexual revolution period where the horrific representations of society’s fears have been confirmed.Seemingly it is safe to conclude that the critic’s summations of the period is often characterized by the character roles portrayed in horror novels and films and the director’s own perceptions of roles in the interest of its viewers. Stoker’s D racula preserves none of the modern conceptions of individuality within gender groups but regards them as depravities from which each member of society seeks protection within societies laws, customs, and power-structures.Though Stoker’s blatant prejudices against women, against free-sexual expression, and against individualism are powerful thematic aspects of Dracula, the novel as a whole exceeds these limiting factors by reliance on perennially powerful archetypes, as well as being left wide-open for manifold interpretations, including such interpretations which would attempt to refute the aforementioned issues of chauvinism and misogyny.Because of the novels’ inherent brilliance and innovation, it is likely that â€Å"Stoker always will be of interest to the world. Unless, alas, we psychoanalyze the poor devil to death. Free to be titillated by the eroticism of Dracula we moderns have turned the vampire into the vamp. Exposing illicit pleasures to the light of day drives a stake through the heart of desire. † (Roberts) That acknowledged, it is also likely that Stoker;’s Dracula will continue to be critically evaluated in light of its dominant themes of chauvinism and misogygny.Works Cited Stevenson John Allen. A Vampire in the Mirror: The Sexuality of Dracula, Vol. 103, No. 2 (Mar. , 1988), pp. 139-149 Gutjahr, Paul. â€Å"Stoker's Dracula. † Explicator 52. 1 (1993): 36-38. Harbin, Leigh Joyce. â€Å"A Dangerous Woman and a Man's Brain: Mina Harker, Clarice Starling and the Empowerment of the Gothic Heroine in Novel and Film. † West Virginia University Philological Papers (2002): 30+. Roberts, Rex.â€Å"Sex and Death in Transylvania. † Insight on the News 3 June 1996: 32+. Jancovich, Mark . American Horror from 1951 to the Present. United Kingdom :Keele University,1994. Clover, Carol J. Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film . NJ: Princeton University, 1992. Stephen Neale. Genre. British Film Institute, 1980. 7-17. Creed, Barbara. The Monstrous Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis. New York and London: Routledge, 1990.